Analysis on the development and Prospect of optical fiber communication technology

Abstract: analysis of the development of optical communication technology history and current situation of the development, and the development trends of optical fiber communication technology are prospected. One, the development of optical communication technology and present situation Optical fiber communication is the birth and development of an important history of the telecommunications revolution. Fiber made from theory to technology and today's high speed optical fiber communication only several years. From the overseas development process we can see, nineteen sixties metaphase, developed the best optical fiber loss in more than 400 DB 1966, British Standard Institute of telecommunications Kao and Hockham theoretically predicted fiber loss can be reduced to 20 dB / km below, Japan in 1969 developed the first root communications with fiber loss of 100 dB / km, 1970 Corelle ( Corning ) using the " powder " has won the loss is less than 20 dB / km and 4 dB / km of low loss fiber, 1974 Baer Lab ( Bell ) using a modified chemical vapor deposition of a better performance than the Corelle company's fiber products. By 1979, germanium doped silica fiber in the 1.55 kilometers of the loss has been reduced to 0.2 dB / km, it has very close by Rayleigh scattering is decided by the quartz fiber loss limit theory. At present the domestic optical fiber and cable production overcapacity, oversupply. Special optical fiber for fiber such as FTTH still needs to be imported, but the total amount of domestic production of optical fiber and cable, with the international market price of no difference, the cost could not be lower, is already zero profit, in the international market competitiveness is not strong, export volume is very small. Twenty years of light technology two major development, WDM and PON, the two have been relatively mature. Multi service transmission platform for the development of two aspects, one is more effective carrier Ethernet service, data service, on the other hand, is to the development of business. The status of AS0N is the current system only within the device, or is in the network to achieve a number of functions, but some of the core role has not been reached. Two, the tendency and prospects of optical fiber communication technology At present, in the field of optical communication has several hot topic for the development of very high speed transmission system, large capacity WDM system, optical transmission network technology, a new generation of optical fiber and optical access network technology, IPoverOptical. ( a ) to high speed system development The current 10Gbps system has begun mass equipment network, mainly in North America, in Europe, Japan and Australia have also started a large number of applications. However, the 10Gbps system for optical fiber polarization mode dispersion is more sensitive, and has laid the cable does not necessarily can satisfy the opening and use of the 10Gbps system requirement, need the actual testing, certification before installation of the opening. Its practical outlet steering light multiplexing mode. An optical way has many kinds, but at present only the wavelength division multiplexing ( WDM ) mode in the large-scale commercial stage, while the other is still at the stage of experimental study. ( two) to the large capacity WDM system evolution Using electricity time division multiplexing system expansion potential has been tried, however optical fiber 200nm available bandwidth resources only with utilization rate of less than 1%, there are 99% resources are still to be discovered. If a plurality of transmission wavelength of staggered light signals at the same time the level of optical fiber transmission, can greatly increase the fiber transmission capacity, this is the wave division multiplexing ( WDM ) is the basic train of thought. Based on the WDM application huge benefits and in recent years the major breakthrough on the technology and market driven, wavelength division multiplexing system development is very rapid. The current global actual laying WDM system has more than 3000, and the practical system for maximum capacity has reached 320Gbps ( 2× 16 × 10Gbps ), the United States of America lucent company has announced that it will launch 80 wavelengths of WDM system, the total capacity up to 200Gbps ( 80 × 2.5Gbps ) or 400Gbps ( 40 × 10Gbps ). Laboratory of the highest level have reached 2.6Tbps ( 13 × 20Gbps ). Predict before long in the future, the practical capacity of the system can achieve 1Tbps level. ( three) to realize optical networking The utility of WDM technology in spite of the great transmission capacity, but basically is to point to point communication based system, the flexibility and the reliability is not ideal. If in the light path can also achieve similar SDH circuit in the transplanting function and cross connect function words, will add a new layer of power. According to this one main train of thought, optical networking can realize large capacity optical network and the network scalability, reconstruction, transparency, and allows the network nodes and the continuous increase in business volume, interconnecting any system and different system signal. Because the optical networking has potential huge advantage, the United States and Europe and Japan and other developed countries put a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources for research, particularly the United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Agency ( DARPA ) has funded a series of optical interconnection project. Optical networking have become SDH electric network after another new development climax of optical communication. The construction of a maximum transparent, highly flexible and large capacity of the national backbone optical network, not only for the future of the national information infrastructure ( NJJ ) to lay a solid foundation, but also to our country first Century the information industry and national economic development and national security has the extremely important strategic sense. ( four ) the development of new generation optical fiber The traditional G.652 single-mode optical fiber in the adaptation of the super high speed long distance transmission network development needs have been exposed to the output does not from the heart of the situation, the development of new fiber has become the development of the next generation network infrastructure is an important component of. At present, in order to adapt to the backbone and man 's different development needs, has appeared two kinds of novel optical fiber, i.e. non zero dispersion ( G.655 fiber ) and percutaneous absorption optical fiber ( all wave fiber ). Among them, all wave fiber will be the future development focus, is also a research hotspot now. In the long run, BPON indisputably will be the future of broadband access technology development direction, but from the current technology development, cost and application needs of the actual situation, its distance is widely used in Telecom Access Network this one ultimate goal will have a longer development process. ( five) IPoverSDH and IpoverOptical In the business of lP based data services is the current world information industry development of the main driving force, which can effectively support JP business has become a new technology can have long-term technical life logo. At present, ATM and SDH were able to support lP, respectively called IPoverATM and IPoverSDH both each has its own merits. But from long-term look, when IP business volume increased gradually, need above 2.4 gigabit per second link capacity, it may eventually leaves out middle layer SDH, IP directly in a light path runs, form is very simple and unified IP network structure ( IPoverOptical ). Three kinds of IP transmission technology will be in the development of the telecommunication network in different periods and different parts of the network to play its due role in history. But from the perspective of the future. IPoverOptical will be the most long-term vitality of the technology. Especially with the IP business has gradually become the dominant business network, the JP business ideal transmission technology will become the future network especially the backbone leading transmission technology. ( six ) to solve the network bottleneck by means of optical access network In recent years, the core part of network happened to turn the world upside down changes, whether the exchange, or transmission have been updated for several generations. Soon, this part of the network will become the digital control and master, software, network integration and intelligent, but on the other hand, the existing access is still dominated by twisted-pair copper ( more than 90%), primitive simulation system. The technology has the tremendous contrast, restricting the further development of the entire network. In order to fundamentally solve this problem, we must vigorously develop the optical access network technology. Because the optical access network has the following advantages: ( 1) reduce the maintenance cost and failure rate; ( 2) cooperate with local network structure, reducing node, expand the coverage; ( 3) make full use of optical fiber has brought about a series of benefits; ( 4) building a transparent optical network, meet the multimedia era.